Njira Yomaliza Yopangira Zovala

Njira Yomaliza Yopangira Zovala
Njira zinayizi ndizomwe zimayambira, ndondomekoyi idzakhala yosiyana malinga ndi mankhwala enieni.
1. Njira yotungirira
(1) Kupaka thonje ndi kuthirira madzi:
Kuyimba - - kukhumba - - - bleaching - - - mercerizing
Kuyimba: Chifukwa thonje ndi ulusi wamfupi, pali fluff yochepa pamwamba pa mankhwala.
Desizing: panthawi yankhondo, kukangana pakati pa ulusi wa thonje kumayambitsa magetsi osasunthika, choncho kuyenera kukhala wowuma musanayambe kuluka.Pambuyo kuluka, zamkati adzakhala olimba, ndipo patapita nthawi yaitali adzakhala chikasu ndi nkhungu, choncho ayenera desizing choyamba kuonetsetsa bwino patsogolo kusindikiza ndi utoto ndondomeko ndi kumva zofewa.
Gawo lachiwiri makamaka ndikukolopa, cholinga chake ndikuchotsa zonyansa, mafuta ndi chipolopolo cha thonje.Kuwonongeka kwa mafuta kungathenso kuwonjezeredwa ku mafuta ndi zina zowonjezera.
Bvulira: Kutsuka nsalu kuti isanduka yoyera.Pali zonyansa mu ulusi wachilengedwe, panthawi yopangira nsalu, mafuta ochulukirapo, ndi dothi loipitsidwa adzawonjezedwanso.Kukhalapo kwa zonyansazi, sikumangolepheretsa kuyenda bwino kwa utoto ndi kumaliza kukonza, komanso kumakhudza kuvala kwa nsalu.Cholinga cha scouring ndi bleaching ndi ntchito mankhwala ndi thupi mawotchi zochita kuchotsa zonyansa pa nsalu, kupanga nsalu woyera, zofewa, ndi permeability wabwino, ndi kukwaniritsa zofunika kuvala, kupereka oyenerera theka-mankhwala kwa utoto, kusindikiza, kumaliza.
Kuwira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito caustic koloko ndi zina zowira zosakaniza ndi chingamu zipatso, waxy zinthu, nayitrogeni zinthu, cottonseed chipolopolo mankhwala degradation reaction, emulsification, kutupa, etc., Kuchapira kuchotsa zosafunika pa nsalu.
Bleaching imachotsa utoto wachilengedwe ndikuonetsetsa kuti nsaluyo ndi yoyera yokhazikika.Mwanjira yotakata, kumaphatikizanso kugwiritsa ntchito zowunikira za buluu kapena fulorosenti kuti apange kuwala koyera.Bleaching makamaka imaphatikizapo kuthirira madzi okosijeni komanso kukhetsa magazi.Mfundo ya okosijeni bleaching ndi kuwononga jenereta pigment kukwaniritsa cholinga achromatic.Mfundo yochepetsera bleaching ndi kupanga blekning pochepetsa pigment.Njira yopangira blekning imadalira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi bulichi wothandizira.Pali magulu atatu: leaching bleaching, leaching bleaching ndi rolling bleaching.Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana pakuyeretsa.
Mercerizing: Pangani nsalu kuti iziwala bwino ndikumva zofewa.
1.1 Njira yopangira nsalu wamba ndi nsalu ya thonje/polyester ndiyofanana (yolukidwa):
Kuyimba → kufuna → kuyeretsa
Nsalu ya bleached nthawi zambiri imatchedwa nsalu yoyera.
1.2 Njira ya nsalu wamba ndi thonje/polyester nsalu (zolukidwa):
Kuchepa → desizing → bleaching
Kuchepa kwa alkali: Chifukwa nsalu zolukidwa sizimawuma, zimakhala zotayirira, kuchepa kwa alkali kumapangitsa kuti nsaluyo ikhale yolimba.Uku ndiko kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamphamvu kuti aphwanye pamwamba pa nsalu.
Kuwira: zofanana ndi desizing ndondomeko, makamaka kuchotsa mafuta ndi thonje chipolopolo.
Bleach: Kutsuka nsalu yoyera
Njira ya Corduroy: Nsaluyi imapangidwa ndi ulusi umodzi kuzungulira ulusi wina kuti ipange lupu, kenako koyiloyo imadulidwa kupanga muluwo.
1.3 Njira: kugudubuza kwa alkali → kudula ubweya → kukongoletsa → kuyanika → kutsuka → kuwotcha → kuwira
Cholinga cha kugudubuza kwa alkali ndikupangitsa kuti nsaluyo ikhale yolimba kwambiri;Cholinga cha kudula ndi kusalaza suede;Cholinga cha brushing ndi kusalaza suede ndi kuchotsa kusagwirizana pambuyo kudula;Cholinga cha kuyimba ndikuchotsanso mabampu ndi mikwingwirima.
1.4 Njira ya nsalu ya thonje ya poliyesitala ndi yofanana ndi nsalu wamba ya thonje
1.5 flannelette: makamaka zofunda zofunda, zovala zamkati za ana, okalamba, mapepala a bedi, etc. A mace - ngati wodzigudubuza amazunguliridwa pa liwiro lalikulu pamwamba pa bulangeti kuti atulutse ulusi, kuti velvet isakhale yabwino kwambiri.
(2) Njira yaubweya (nsalu yaubweya): kuchapa → kutenthetsa → kuyeretsa
Kutsuka ubweya: Chifukwa ubweya ndi ulusi wa nyama, ndi wauve, choncho umayenera kutsukidwa kuti uchotse zonyansa zomwe zatsala pamwamba (dothi, mafuta, thukuta, zonyansa, ndi zina).
Carbonization: kuonjezeranso kuchotsa zonyansa, dothi.
Carbonization: kuonjezeranso kuchotsa zonyansa, dothi.Pambuyo kutsuka, ngati nsalu si woyera , padzafunika asidi carbonization kupitirira kuyeretsa.
Bvulira: Kutsuka nsalu bwino.
(3) Njira yopangira silika: kupukuta → kuyeretsa kapena kuyera (zowonjezera zoyera)
(4) Nsalu ya polyester:
Filament: kuchepetsa alkali → bleaching (mofanana ndi ndondomeko ya silika)
② CHIKWANGWANI chachikulu: kuyimba → kuwira → kuthirira (njira yofanana ndi thonje)
Stenter: kuonjezera bata;Kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakupanga;Pamwamba pake ndi lathyathyathya.
2. Njira yopaka utoto
(1) Mfundo yopaka utoto
A Adsorption: Fiber ndi polima, yomwe imakhala ndi ayoni ambiri, ndi utoto womwe umapezeka m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kotero kuti ulusiwo umatenga utoto.
B Kulowetsa: pali mipata mu ulusi, utoto umakanikizidwa kapena kulowetsedwa mu mipata ya mamolekyu pambuyo pa kutentha kwakukulu ndi kupanikizika kwakukulu kuti apange utoto.
C adhesion: palibe utoto wolumikizana nawo mu molekyulu ya fiber, kotero zomatira zimawonjezeredwa kuti utoto umamatire ku ulusi.
(2) Njira:
Kudaya ulusi - kupota mitundu (kupota ndi mtundu, mwachitsanzo, chipale chofewa, ulusi wokongola)
Zopaka utoto (nsalu zopaka utoto)
Kudaya nsalu - Kudaya (kudaya chidutswa)
Utoto ndi zida zopota
① thonje wopaka utoto mwachindunji, bafuta, ubweya, silika ndi viscose (kutentha kwachipinda)
Mawonekedwe: Chromatography yathunthu, mtengo wotsika kwambiri, kuthamanga koyipa, njira yosavuta kwambiri.
Formaldehyde imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera
Nsalu zopakidwa utoto wachindunji nthawi zambiri amaziwonjezera kuti zikhazikike.
② Utoto wokhazikika - magulu osinthika mu utoto ndi thonje, hemp, silika, ubweya ndi viscose kuphatikiza ndi magulu omwe akugwira ntchito.
Mawonekedwe: Mtundu wowala, wofanana bwino, wachangu, koma wokwera mtengo.
(3) Kumwaza utoto - utoto wapadera wa poliyesitala
Mamolekyu a utoto ndi ang'onoang'ono momwe angathere kuti alowe, ndipo kutentha kwakukulu ndi kupanikizika zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbikitsa kulowa kwa utoto.Choncho, mkulu mtundu fastness.
④ utoto wa cationic:
Utoto wapadera wa ulusi wa acrylic.Ulusi wa acrylic ndi ma ion olakwika akamapota, ndipo ma cations mu utoto amatengedwa ndi utoto.
B poliyesitala ndi ayoni zoipa, utoto cationic akhoza utoto kutentha firiji.Iyi ndi cationic Polyester (CDP: Can Dye Polyester).
⑤ Utoto wa asidi: ubweya wa ubweya.
Mwachitsanzo, kodi nsalu yakuda ya T/C iyenera kudayidwa bwanji?
Dayani poliyesitala ndi utoto wobalalika, kenako thonje ndi utoto wachindunji, ndiyeno valani mitundu iwiriyo kukhala lathyathyathya.Ngati mukufuna dala kusiyana kwa mitundu, musakhazikike.
Kwa mitundu yopepuka, mutha kungopaka mtundu umodzi wazinthu zopangira, kapena poliyesitala kapena thonje ndi utoto wosiyanasiyana.
Ngati kufunikira kwamtundu wamtundu ndikwambiri, chotsani poliyesitala;Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi zofunikira zochepa, thonje ikhoza kupakidwa utoto.
3. Ntchito yosindikiza
(1) Kusindikiza ndi gulu la zida:
A. lathyathyathya nsalu yotchinga kusindikiza: amatchedwanso manual platform printing, amatchedwanso screen printing.Nsalu zapamwamba za silika zoyera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
B. zozungulira chophimba kusindikiza;
C. wodzigudubuza kusindikiza;
D. kusamutsa kusindikiza: Utoto pa pepala ndi sublimated kuti nsalu pambuyo kutentha kwambiri ndi kuthamanga kwambiri kupanga chitsanzo
Mapangidwe ake ndi osalongosoka.Nsalu zotchinga nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosindikiza.
(2) Gulu ndi njira:
A. Kusindikiza kwa utoto: kudaya ndi majini ogwira ntchito mu utoto wachindunji ndi utoto wokhazikika.
B. kusindikiza kusindikiza: zowonjezera zimawonjezeredwa mu utoto kuti utoto ugwirizane ndi nsalu (palibe jini yolumikizana pakati pa nsalu ndi utoto mu utoto)
C. Anti-printing (dyeing) kusindikiza: nsalu zapamwamba zimakhala ndi zofunikira zamtundu, ndipo anti-printing iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zisawonongeke.
D. kusindikiza-kutulutsa: Nsaluyo itapaka utoto, malo ena amafunika kusindikiza mitundu ina.Mtundu wa zinthu zopangira uyenera kuchotsedwa ndikusindikizidwa mumitundu ina kuti mitundu isatsutsana.
E. Kusindikiza kwa maluwa ovunda: Gwiritsani ntchito alkali yolimba kuti muvunditse ulusi m'mphepete mwa kusindikiza ndikupanga pateni ya velvet.
F. Golide (siliva) kusindikiza ufa: golide (siliva) ufa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusindikiza nsalu.M'malo mwake, imakhalanso ya kusindikiza kwa penti.
H. kusindikiza kusindikiza: Utoto papepala umasinthidwa kukhala nsalu pambuyo pa kutentha kwakukulu ndi kuthamanga kwakukulu kuti apange mapangidwe.
I. kupopera (zamadzimadzi) kusindikiza: mogwirizana ndi mfundo ya osindikiza mitundu.
4. Konzani bwino
1) Kukonzekera kwathunthu:
A. Kumaliza:
① kumva zowawa, ndithu.Thonje ndi bafuta wambiri
Kumverera kofewa: zofewetsa ndi madzi zitha kuwonjezeredwa
B. Kumaliza kumaliza:
① kukokera
② Pre-shrinking: kwa nsalu ya thonje (kutsuka kuti ichepe) pasadakhale kuti kukula kwake kukhale kokhazikika.
C. Kumaliza mawonekedwe:
① Kalendala (kalenda) nsalu yowala, pambuyo pa nsalu ya calender pamwamba idzauma.
② Chojambulacho chimakulungidwa ndi ndodo yosindikizira
③ Whitening ndi whitening wothandizira
2) Chithandizo chapadera: Njira yopezera chithandizo chapadera: kuwonjezera zowonjezera zofananira musanayike, kapena makina opaka ndi zokutira zofananira.
A. Kuchiza kwa madzi: makina opaka amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti agwiritse ntchito nsalu yotchinga madzi / utoto pa nsalu;Winayo akujambula asanagubudutse chinthu chosalowa madzi.
B. Chithandizo choletsa moto: zotsatira zake: palibe lawi lotseguka, zotayira za ndudu zoponyedwa pansalu kudera lina zidzazimitsidwa.
C. Anti-fouling ndi odana ndi mafuta mankhwala;Mfundoyi ndi yofanana ndi kutsekereza madzi, pamwamba ndi yokutidwa ndi wosanjikiza lolingana zinthu.
D. Anti-mildew, antibacterial treatment: ❖ kuyanika, ufa wa ceramic ukhoza kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pochita mankhwala kuti akwaniritse anti-enzyme, antibacterial effect.
E. anti-UV: Kugwiritsa ntchito silika wotsutsa UV ndikoletsa kuwonongeka kwa ulusi wa mapuloteni a silika weniweni, ndikupanga silika weniweni wachikasu, zinthu zina zimakhala zotsutsana ndi UV padzuwa.Nauni yapadera: UV-CUT
F. Chithandizo cha infrared: kuphatikiza kukana kwa infrared ndi kuyamwa kuti mukwaniritse zotsatira zosiyanasiyana.
G. Antistatic mankhwala: ndi anaikira electrostatic kubalalitsidwa, n'zosavuta kutulutsa zipsera.
Mankhwala ena apadera ndi: mankhwala onunkhira, mankhwala opangira mankhwala (mankhwala osokoneza bongo), chithandizo chamankhwala, chithandizo cha radiation, chithandizo cha utomoni (nsalu ya thonje yowumitsa, makwinya a silika), kuchapa kumatha kuvala mankhwala, chithandizo chowunikira, chithandizo chowala, chithandizo cha velvet, fuzz (kukweza). ) chithandizo.