Njira Yomaliza Yopangira Zovala

Kumaliza kwa nsalu yotchinga ndi njira yaukadaulo yochizira yomwe imapereka mawonekedwe amtundu, mawonekedwe a morphological (osalala, suede, owuma, ndi zina zotero) komanso zogwira ntchito (zosatha, zosagwedezeka, zosawotcha, zopanda njenjete, kukana moto, ndi zina). ku nsalu.Kumaliza positi ndi njira yomwe imapangitsa kuti nsaluyo iwoneke bwino komanso imveke bwino komanso imapangitsa kuti kavalidwe kake kamveke bwinozomwe ndizofunikira pakupanga mtengo wowonjezera wowonjezera ndikuwonjezera fakitalewopikisana.

Ndiye tiyeni tiwone zomwe iwo ndi omwe angazindikire.Tilipo kuti tikuthandizeni kumaliza projekiti ya nsalu.Chonde khalani omasuka lankhulani nafe.

1. Stenter

Stentering kumaliza ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mapulasitiki a cellulose, silika, ubweya ndi ulusi wina pansi pa mikhalidwe yonyowa kuti pang'onopang'ono ikulitsidwe m'lifupi mwa nsaluyo mpaka kukula kwake ndikuwumitsa, nthawi yomweyo kukhazikika kwa nsalu.Mu njira zina monga scouring ndi bleaching, kusindikiza ndi utoto musanatsirize, nsaluyo nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi kugwedezeka kwa warp, komwe kumapangitsa kuti nsaluyo itambasulire mbali ya warp ndi kufinya molunjika, ndipo zimachitika zofooka zina, monga m'lifupi mwake. , m'mphepete mwa nsalu zosagwirizana, kumverera kwaukali, etc. Pofuna kuti nsaluyo ikhale ndi yunifolomu komanso yokhazikika m'lifupi, ndikuwongolera zolakwika zomwe zili pamwambazi ndikuchepetsa kusinthika kwa nsalu muzovala, pambuyo popanga utoto ndi kutsiriza ndondomekoyi itatha. nsaluyo iyenera kuyendetsedwa.

Chonde onani makina atsopano a stener, kuti mumve zambiri.

2. Pre-Kuchepa

Preshrinking ndi njira yochepetsera kuchepa kwa nsalu pambuyo pa kumizidwa m'madzi ndi njira zakuthupi.Pakuluka, kudaya ndi kumaliza, nsaluyo imagwedezeka kumbali yozungulira, ndipo kutalika kwa mafunde akuyenda mozungulira kumachepetsedwa, motero kukweza kudzachitika.Nsalu ya hydrophilic fiber ikadzazidwa ndi madzi, ulusi umafufuma, ndipo m'mimba mwake ulusi wa warp ndi weft umawonjezeka, zomwe zimawonjezera kutalika kwa mafunde a warp, kufupikitsa kutalika kwa nsalu, ndi kupanga kuchepa.Nsaluyo ikauma, kutupa kumatha, koma kukangana pakati pa ulusi kumasungabe nsaluyo mumgwirizano.Mechanical preshrinking ndi kupopera nthunzi kapena kupopera kuti munyowetse nsalu kaye, kenaka yikani

mawotchi extrusion mu njira yokhotakhota kuonjezera buckling yoweyula kutalika, ndiyeno lotayirira ziume nsalu.Kuchepa kwa nsalu za thonje zomwe zisanachitike shrunk zimatha kuchepetsedwa mpaka 1%, ndipo kufewa kwa nsaluyo kudzakhala bwino chifukwa cholumikizana ndi kupaka pakati pa ulusi ndi ulusi.Nsalu yaubweya ikhoza kuchepetsedwa kale ndi kupumula.Pambuyo poviikidwa ndi kukulungidwa m'madzi ofunda kapena kupopera ndi nthunzi, nsaluyo imawuma pang'onopang'ono mumkhalidwe womasuka, kotero kuti nsaluyo imafota kumbali zonse za warp ndi weft.Kuchepa kwa nsalu kumakhudzananso ndi kapangidwe kake.Kuchepa kwa nsalu nthawi zambiri kumawunikidwa ndi shrinkagemlingo.

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Njira yosinthira kapangidwe kake koyambirira ndi kapangidwe ka ulusi, kuwongolera kulimba kwake, ndikupangitsa kuti nsaluyo ikhale yovuta kuvala imatchedwa crease resisting finishing.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa nsalu zoyera kapena zosakanikirana za ma cellulose fiber, komanso angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa nsalu za silika.Atamaliza kugonjetsedwa kwa crease, katundu wobwezeretsa wa nsaluyo akuwonjezeka, ndipo mphamvu zina zamphamvu ndi kuvala zimakhala bwino.Mwachitsanzo, kukana kwa crease ndi kukhazikika kwa nsalu za thonje kwasintha kwambiri, ndipo kuthekera kochapira ndi kuyanika mwachangu kumathanso kuwongolera.Ngakhale mphamvu ndi kuvala kukana kudzatsika ku madigiri osiyanasiyana, pansi pa ulamuliro wa zochitika zachizolowezi, ntchito yake yovala siidzakhudzidwa.Kuphatikiza pa kukana kwa crease, mphamvu yosweka ya nsalu ya viscose inakulanso pang'ono, makamaka mphamvu yonyowa yosweka.Komabe, kumalizidwa kosagwirizana ndi crease kumakhudzanso zinthu zina zofananira, monga kusweka kwa nsalu kumachepa mpaka mosiyanasiyana, kukana kutsuka kumasiyanasiyana ndi womaliza, ndipo kuthamangitsidwa kwa zinthu zopaka utoto kumakhala bwino, koma ena omaliza amachepetsa. kufulumira kwa utoto wamitundu ina.

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Thermosetting ndi njira yopangira ulusi wa thermoplastic ndi kuphatikizika kwake kapena nsalu zolukana kukhala zokhazikika.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokonza ulusi wopangira ndi zophatikizika zake, monga nayiloni kapena poliyesitala, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kufota ndikupunduka pambuyo potentha.Nsalu za Thermoplastic fiber zidzatulutsa kupsinjika kwamkati mkati mwa nsalu, ndipo sachedwa makwinya ndi mapindikidwe pansi pa chinyontho, kutentha ndi mphamvu yakunja pakupaka utoto ndi kumaliza.Choncho, popanga (makamaka mu kutentha kwachinyontho monga kuyika kapena kusindikiza), kawirikawiri, nsaluyo imachitidwa pa kutentha pang'ono kuposa momwe zimakhalira ndi zovuta, ndiko kuti, kutentha kwa kutentha, kuti zisawonongeke ndi kuwonongeka kwa nsalu ndi atsogolere wotsatira processing.Kuphatikiza apo, ulusi wotanuka (filament), ulusi wochepa kwambiri (filament) ndi ulusi wokulirapo zitha kupangidwanso ndi njira yokhazikitsira kutentha pamodzi ndi zotsatira zina zakuthupi kapena zamakina.

Kuphatikiza pa kuwongolera kukhazikika kwa dimensional, zinthu zina za nsalu yotchinga kutentha zimakhalanso ndi zosintha zofananira, monga zonyowa zolimba komanso katundu wotsutsa mapiritsi zimakonzedwa bwino, ndipo chogwiriracho chimakhala cholimba;Kutalika kwa fracture kwa thermoplastic fiber kumachepa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa kutentha, koma mphamvu imasintha pang'ono.Ngati kutentha kumakhala kokwera kwambiri, zonsezi zimachepa kwambiri;Kusintha kwa mawonekedwe a utoto pambuyo pa kutentha kumasiyanasiyana ndi mitundu ya fiber.